Mouthwash Ingredients

By Krystal Miller, eHow Contributing Writer

•Mouthwash is a liquid solution that is available over-the-counter and in prescription form. It is used to mask bad breath, rinse out debris and bacteria, and coat your teeth with fluoride. The solution is swished around your mouth to cover your teeth, tongue, and gums. In most cases mouthwash should be swished around the mouth for 30 seconds. Mouthwash contains many active ingredients, as well as a few inactive ingredients.

Antimicrobials and Oxidizing Agents
•Antimicrobials, such as cetylpyridinium chloride, chlorhexidine, and sanguinarine, phenolic compounds, reduce the amount of bacteria in your mouth. Chlorhexidine is the most effective plaque-fighting drug but is only available by prescriptio. Oxidizing agents, such as sodium bicarbonate and chlorine dioxide, help mask and neutralize bad odors. Oxygenating agents (hydrogen peroxide) kill anaerobic germs, which can live without oxygen. Adding oxygen can kill these germs.

Fluoride, Astringents and Pain Relief
•Fluoride is used by many dental offices to clean and strengthen teeth, and to prevent tooth decay. Astringents, such as citric acid and zinc chloride, leave a pleasant taste in your mouth and shrink oral tissues. Pain-relieving agents, such as anodynes, are active ingredients in mouthwash. These will provide pain relief for your mouth if you have ulcers, sores, or tooth pain.
Buffering and Anti-Tartar Agents
•Buffering agents relieve soft-tissue pain and reduce acidity. These agents also dissolve any build-up of film on the lining of the mouth. Anti-tartar ingredients (such as zinc citrate) will reduce tarter build-up in the mouth.

Inactive Ingredients
•Inactive ingredients dilute the active ingredients and add color and flavor. Most over-the-counter mouthwashes contain a significant amount of alcohol as an inactive ingredient.

Warnings
•While mouthwashes are generally safe, side effects may appear with overuse. You should discontinue use if you get a burning sensation in your cheeks, gums or teeth. Mouthwashes are not recommended for children under 12 because there is a risk that they will swallow it, which can lead to fluoride poisoning or alcohol overdose.


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